Aircraft observations refer to the collection of atmospheric data using specialized instruments mounted on aircraft. These observations are crucial for understanding various meteorological phenomena such as clouds, precipitation, wind patterns, and atmospheric composition. Research in this area focuses on improving and expanding the capabilities of aircraft-based instruments, as well as utilizing data from aircraft observations to improve weather forecasting, climate modeling, and other scientific research. Additionally, aircraft observations are used in monitoring air quality, studying the effects of pollution and greenhouse gases on the atmosphere, and investigating the interactions between the atmosphere and the Earth's surface.